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Abstract

Surgical site infections (SSIs) have been identified as a major problem at Peltier General Hospital, a medical facility in Djibouti known for its management of complex surgical cases. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of SSIs in different surgical departments, identify associated risk factors, and review infection prevention practices. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 patients and 55 nurses between September and December 2023. The incidence of SSIs was observed to vary across departments, with a rate of 26.8% in urology and 6.8% in orthopedics. Among the main risk factors identified, diabetes was associated with a 3.5-fold increased risk, while chronic diseases increased this risk by 2.8 times. The analysis revealed deficiencies in infection prevention practices, particularly regarding hand hygiene and management of invasive devices. Logistic regression showed that diabetes, chronic diseases, and complex surgical procedures were significant independent risk factors. This study highlighted the importance of implementing targeted prevention strategies, improving the training of medical staff, and reinforcing the application of strict protocols in high-risk departments. These results provide valuable information for improving infection management in healthcare settings, particularly those with limited resources. Further research was recommended to refine SSI prevention practices‎.

Keywords: Surgical site infections, Risk factors, Infection prevention, Postoperative care, Medical practices, Incidence study

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