Sunscreen cream formulation from a combination of propolis extract and titanium dioxide
Abstract
Excessive exposure to sunlight can increase the risk of skin damage. This study aimed to produce a cosmetic product, namely sunscreen cream, using active ingredients of propolis extract and TiO2 to protect against the harmful effects of UV radiation. Propolis is beneficial as an antioxidant, while TiO2 is used to enhance protection against UV radiation. The sunscreen cream was formulated in four variations of TiO2 concentration, namely Formula (control); Formula 1 (10%); Formula 2 (2%); and Formula 3 (0%). The physical and chemical properties of the sunscreen cream were observed, and stability testing was conducted using the Freeze-Thaw method. The observations included organoleptic, homogeneity, cream type, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, viscosity, and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) values. The results showed that the variations in TiO2 concentration did not have any effect on adhesiveness but had an effect on pH, spreadability, and viscosity. The test results revealed the SPF values of the formulations as follows; Formula 0 (5.663); Formula 1 (18.386); Formula 2 (9.466); and Formula 3 (8.583), and the value decreased after the stability testing using the Freeze-Thaw method conducted.
Keywords: Cream, Sunscreen, Propolis, Titanium dioxide
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