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Abstract

A prevalent endocrine condition associated with hormonal imbalance and elevated cardiovascular risk is polycystic ovarian syndrome, or PCOS. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of adhesion molecules—VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin—in women with PCOS and to examine their potential diagnostic and physiological value. Women (50 with PCOS, 50 healthy controls) were included in this case-control study. Demographic, hormonal, and anthropometric data were collected. Serum amount of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin were calculated by the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of these markers. Pearson’s association was employed in assessing associations between markers and clinical variables. Femaels who had PCOS harbor a substantially higher amount of VCAM-1 (3.13 ± 0.54 vs. 2.12 ± 0.68 ng/ml), ICAM-1 (223.06 ± 51.52 vs. 191.55 ± 50.03 ng/ml), and E-selectin (27.54 ± 5.67 vs. 20.07 ± 5.03 pg/ml) compared to controls (all p < 0.01). ROC analysis presented the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.873, 0.732, and 0.837 for VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin, respectively. With 82% sensitivity and 80% specificity, the combined markers produced an AUC of 0.904. VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 (r = 0.539), VCAM-1 and E-selectin (r = 0.374), and ICAM-1 and E-selectin (r = 0.341) all showed significant positive relationships. In PCOS, adhesion molecules are markedly increased. Their strong diagnostic performance suggests potential use as physiological biomarkers for PCOS detection.

Keywords: Adhesion molecules, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, PCOS

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