Optimization of chitosan-based scaffold technology in tissue engineering: A review
Abstract
This article presents ordered and systematized data obtained from modern literary sources devoted to the use of chitosan in tissue engineering. At the end of the article, data from our scientific research is presented, in which an attempt was made to create a three-dimensional scaffold based on chitosan. Sterile scaffolds were subcutaneously sewn into the soft tissues of the withers area or in the area of artificial femoral defects of rats. The tissue sections together with the implants were removed 4 and 8 weeks after placement under the same conditions. When removing, the mobility of the regenerants in situ, the state of the surrounding fiber, the presence of vessels feeding the scaffold, the severity of the adhesive process, and the degree of biodegradation of the scaffolds were evaluated. In the field of bone defect replacement, attention was paid to the degree of osseointegration, the completeness of the closure of the defect, and the density of the regeneration. The analysis of modern world literature and the results of our experiments show that the main components of the innovative trend and the use of chitosan for tissue engineering of articular cartilage are: modification of chitosan scaffold by copolymerization with various organic compounds; improvement of methods for the preparation of three-dimensional biomimetic nanostructured chitosan scaffolds; intensification of the use of chitosan-based scaffolds in the process of creating them to improve their viscosity-strength, chondroinductive, and antibacterial properties of biologically active additives.
Keywords: Tissue engineering, Scaffold technologies, Chitosan, Cartilage tissue, Hip joint
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