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Abstract

This thorough study examines the clinical and histological characteristics of melanoma in a cohort of 573 individuals, determining their relationships with disease stage and prognostic outcomes. A retrospective cohort analysis was carried out, examining clinical data such as Breslow thickness, Clark level, ulceration status, and histological type. For categorical variables, chi-square tests were used, whereas continuous variables were tested using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were created to measure Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS), and Cox proportional hazards regression models were built to discover determinants of survival .There were significant relationships between melanoma features and stage. Histological type, age, Breslow thickness, and tumor mitotic rate were all important considerations in melanoma staging. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated substantial differences in DFS and OS across melanoma stages, with advanced stages exhibiting greater reductions in survival probability. Cox regression analysis revealed that age, Breslow depth, and ulceration status were all significant predictors of survival, with deeper tumors being linked with a decreased risk. Our results identify crucial variables that influence melanoma staging and prognosis, giving important insights into more precise clinical diagnosis and treatment. The strong correlation between histological type, age, Breslow thickness, tumor mitotic rate, and melanoma staging highlights their importance in clinical practice, emphasizing the necessity for complete pathological examination and personalized treatment regimens‎.

Keywords: Melanoma, Histopathology, Disease staging, Prognosis, Survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier

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