Elham Alshammari

Abstract

The first objective of this review was to examine updated evidence on the routine prescription of calcium in females receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to prevent bone loss. It is clear from the review that depot MPA (DMPA) users were more likely to experience an increased risk of fracture. Many recent scholarly works have shown an insignificant increase in the risk of fractures linked with DMPA. These studies indicate that exposure to DMPA is associated with more fractures and can have an adverse effect on bone metabolism. Current treatment guidelines recommend providing DMPA users with calcium and vitamin D supplements. The current review shows evidence of positive changes in bone mineral density at the spine among females undergoing hormone replacement therapy combined with calcium supplements. The second objective was to examine physical disability and routine calcium prescription to prevent bone loss. While there are various pharmacologic treatment options for bone loss that improve bone mass and reduce the risk of fracture, the effectiveness of these interventions is dependent on the proper use of calcium supplements as well. Recent research evidence indicates that typical postmenopausal women above 40 years of age have a calcium intake that is less than 50% of the advised amounts. Because of this, calcium supplementation is necessary for immobile women to prevent osteoporosis or bone loss. In the reviewed studies, the recommended prescription of calcium per day ranged from 1,000 to 1,500 mg/d. In sum, calcium supplementation can help prevent bone loss among women on DMPA and those with disabilities. Accordingly, routine prescription of prophylaxis treatment featuring calcium supplements should be encouraged to prevent bone loss among women, instead of carrying out only lab checks.