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Edrous Alamer

Abstract

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 driven by natural selection along with an aleatory event of genetic drift has marked the third introduction of a notorious and highly pathogenic entity into the human world. Since its initial identification in December 2019, the virus has overwhelmed the lives of millions while threatening billions around the globe. Although most of the infected individuals suffer from common and mild symptoms, for instance, cough and fever accompanied by a good prognosis. The disease can worsen into life-threatening cases of pneumonia and even multisystem failure. The documented studies for the case in view i.e., SARS-CoV-2 have highlighted the concurrent and coordinated involvement of all the components of the defense system which in turn determine the elimination of the virus followed by the convalescence from the diseased phase. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge concerning the immune response induced by SARS-CoV-2, the immediate mediators involved, and the long-term response. Several immune components contribute to disease severity and or recovery. Therefore, understanding the immune response to the virus is critical to improving the treatment and management of COVID-19‎.

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