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Abstract

Sufism and its schools have occupied the minds of researchers for a long time. Among the other issues are: the reasons behind forming this sect, the early Sufis, the reasons for the tendency of many jurists and researchers to this profession, the reasons for naming them with this word, the years of publication and the years of decline. Despite countless researches, they have not yet found a complete and comprehensive answer. Sufism, in its current name and meaning, may have started in Kufa in the second half of the second Islamic century.But after a few years from that period, it had spread throughout the great Islamic society and declared itself as a separate profession and religion.

Many orientalists wrongly consider Sufism to be the origin of the religions beyond Islam and the Muslim land. Muslim researchers, while proving that these claims are not true, have been detailing and dividing the schools and characteristics of each one for many years, but some willy-nilly presented the two main schools of Sufism, namely Baghdad and Khorasan, as two different styles or even opposites. In this research, while introducing these two schools and their thinkers, I have tried to briefly discuss the features and the most important differences. Moreover, the research discusses the common points of these two sects and examines their mutual influence on each other.