Introduction

Parachute jumping, like any sport, is associated with muscle work and presupposes a specific distribution of stresses in the myofascial meridians of the body, which inevitably leads to the formation of a special pattern of individual skeletal muscle tones, and is reinforced by the development of "mosaic" hypertrophy. In this case, hypertrophy of some muscles of the meridian may be accompanied by proportional muscle failure of other muscles, not only of another meridian but even of the same one [1, 2].

Here, by myofascial meridians, we mean, based on the ideas of Thomas V. Myers [3, 4], muscles do not work by themselves, but as part of myofascial meridians, where the insufficiency of one muscle must be compensated for by the excessive tone of all other components of the meridians [5]. Accordingly, the treatment strategy should be aimed at analytical development: strengthening weak myofascial meridians and unloading overstrained myofascial meridians. Analytical manipulations with individual muscles or synergistic groups can be carried out only with the use of specialized simulators [6, 7], or manual operations [8].

Materials and Methods

The study complies with ethical and scientific standards for biomedical research. Informed consent was documented by signing and dating the informed consent form [9].

The practice of sports medicine requires a holistic approach to the study of the musculoskeletal system (MSS). Myofasciography gives a special, holistic picture of the state of the muscular apparatus both within the same myofascial meridian and the relationship between different meridians [1, 5].

Investigations of the functional state of myofascial meridians of parachutists during training camps under the influence of special loads made it possible to identify weak links in the state of individual parts of the MSS and introduce additional exercises into the training process, eliminating these disproportions [5].

As a result of observation of a group of 23 parachutists who were at special training camps, during episodic examinations for four months, we received similar patterns of myofasciograms of parachutists. Over 4 months of studies, the myofasciogram, being a standard pattern for parachutists of this type of sports specialization, practically did not change quantitatively throughout the entire research period. As an example, we present the dynamics of changes in the myofasciograms of two parachutists registered at the beginning and end of four-month training camps (Figure 1).

The preparation of parachutists for mastering and performing a parachute jump is carried out on special equipment of the airborne forces complex. The set of lessons on ground-based training of the elements of a parachute jump includes: inspection of the parachute and fitting equipment at the airfield, boarding an airplane (helicopter), rules for separating a parachutist from an airplane (helicopter), rules for opening a parachute, actions of a parachutist in the air when descending on a parachute, rules for using a reserve parachute, actions when landing (on land or water) and extinguishing the canopy of a parachute, assembling parachutes and stowing them in portable bags.

The equipment and simulators of the airborne forces complex for practicing all the actions of a paratrooper when performing parachute jumps include a platform for training paratroopers to perform a parachute jump, high-altitude aircraft simulators (Il-76, An-2), a slipway for suspended jumps with devices for training in the use of a reserve parachute, parachute trampolines with straps, simulators for training to extinguish the canopy while dragging, a simulator for strengthening the ankle joints, a parachute tower.

At all stages of a jump with a specially controlled parachute on a training tower with dynamic loading (accompaniment), the following actions are practiced: rotation and stabilization techniques during free fall, change in body position in roll and pitch when the main parachute is put into operation, as well as when flying with a canopy, at the landing stage, depending on the wind and the correct actions of the parachutist, the speed of the dynamic surface of the Earth changes.

The current examination was carried out on the days of large training loads to obtain information about the course of the training process, the functional state of the athlete's body, the effectiveness of the means of recovery used.

We provide such a complex myofasciogram on purpose because it shows an error in the initial dosage of the load, as well as the dynamics of its correction (Figure 1). Thus, the parachutist had pain in the cervicothoracic and lumbar regions. The first graph (Figure 1) clearly shows the hypertonicity of the muscles of these segments. After specialized training, this hypertonicity decreased, which means an adequate load (Figure 3).

Results and Discussion