Methods for determining the class of owners of noble enterprises at the early 20th century
Abstract
Social classes and the estate system in Russia are among the key topics in modern historiography. The owners of capitalist enterprises, who formally belonged to various groups of the nobility, had different attitudes towards bourgeois entrepreneurship, which objectively turned them into a new social stratum. To identify them within these groups, it is necessary to apply special techniques and methods presented in this article. The answer to the question about the ratio of such representatives within the general stratum of noble entrepreneurs clarifies the genesis of capitalism in Russia with due regard to the specifics and characteristics of Russia's evolution along the path of bourgeois development.
After the abolition of serfdom, Russia and its ruling class needed to develop capitalism. This was a fundamentally new task, having nothing to do with military reforms had traditionally been the main activity of the autocratic state and its ruling class, i.e. the nobility. In this regard, the nobility faced the problem of preserving not only its hegemony in the changing Russian society but also saving itself as an estate. Consequently, an increasing number of estate members began to take an active part in various types of entrepreneurial activity. At the beginning of the 20th century, noble entrepreneurship proved the readiness of the upper class to adapt to the new and rapidly changing socio-economic conditions starting in 1861. This would help the entire class-based empire to survive, whose main supporter was considered the nobility.
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