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Makhele Thapelo Simon , Makhoahle Pakiso Moses , Mashele Sitheni Samson

Abstract

Anti-Microbial Drug Resistance (AMR) in pathogenic microbial organisms is a major threat to global public health. A certain study.  isolated and tested a phenyl-propanol derivative from Tabernaemontana incospicua Stapf. (Apocynaceae) that not only displayed significant antimicrobial effects against the infectious Haemophilus influenzae 9435337A with the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 62.5 μg/mL but also provides potential proof-of-ability towards combating the AMR pandemic using medicinal plants. In-vitro anti-microbial activity testing of five Alfalfa leaf extracts was evaluated using the Broth Micro-Dilution Assay and the colorimetric Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). Clinical antimicrobials Gentamicin, Vancomycin, and Fluconazole were used as controls. Cytotoxicity assays were used to determine whether cells continue to proliferate after exposure to a test compound for a specific time. The 3,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess Vero cell viability following exposure to five Medicago sativa L. extracts. Vero cells treated with hexane, diethyl ether, and water extracts induced no decrease in the total number of cells compared to the untreated control. However, an increase of dead cells was observed after methanol, and butanol extracts treatment at 200 µg/mL. The global impact of AMR is wide and adverse, causing extended hospitalizations that amount to higher medical bills and high mortality rates‎.

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