Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions on halal pharmaceuticals among pharmacy students from Malaysian private universities
Abstract
Religious beliefs may affect medicine use and patient adherence. Therefore, consideration should be given to the patient's religious beliefs before prescribing drugs or treatment. The Muslim population around the world is becoming more aware of their options and requesting pharmaceutical products containing only halal ingredients. Thus, education on halal pharmaceuticals, especially for pharmacy students, is fundamental to ensure the right information is communicated effectively to patients. This survey was carried out among fourth-year pharmacy students in private universities to assess their knowledge, attitude, and perception of halal pharmaceuticals. A cross-sectional study was carried out using a structured, self-administered questionnaire from November 2019 to February 2020. The mean score for perception knowledge and attitude was 11.37 ± 3.86, 32.9 ± 4.86, and 31.94 ± 4.39, respectively. There was a significant, positive, moderate correlation between knowledge and attitude (p<0.001, r = 0.433), and knowledge and perception (p<0.001, r = 0.369). A significant, positive, and strong correlation was found between attitude and perception (p<0.001, r = 0.732). Results showed that respondents have good knowledge, attitude, and perception toward halal pharmaceuticals. Topics on halal pharmaceuticals should be included in the existing curriculum to improve halal awareness among pharmacy students. Momentous connections were found between attitude and knowledge, knowledge and perception, and attitude and perception.
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