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Hardi Shukur Ahmed , Nadir Mustafa Qadir Nanakali , Khabat A. Ali

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 virus caused acute respiratory illness called COVID-19 with rising case mortality rates. One of the preventive measures to arrest the spread of a contagious disease is the use of vaccines. Consequently, we aimed to measure of inflammatory markers, including Angiotensin II, CRP, D-dimer, Ferritin, and Procalcitonin, as well as hematological parameters as biomarker for disease severity in vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID 19 patients. A total of 133 blood specimens were collected from healthy individuals and patients infected with COVID 19 from November 2021 to May 2022 of both sexes, categorized into two main groups: 50 healthy individuals with 83 patients were classified in to “vaccinated (33) and non-vaccinated (50) group” based on their immunization status with an age range (20-65). According to our results, the majority of patients in the non-vaccinated group had a severe disease, while most of the patients in the vaccine group had a mild to moderate illness. Hematological parameters including WBC and granulocyte count, increased significantly (p value < 0.001), while Lymphocyte and hemoglobin decreased significantly in non-vaccinated patients when compared to vaccinated cases. Regarding inflammatory parameters, CRP, D-dimer, Ferritin, and, procalcitonin significantly elevated in non-vaccinated individuals compare to vaccinated patients and healthy control group (P<0.001). The optimal cut-off values for angiotensin II, PCT, D-dimer, Ferritin, and CRP were determined by ROC Curve Analysis in COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, vaccine plays a major role in regulating inflammatory markers patients with COVID-19. These findings reaffirm the vaccine’s effectiveness in reducing disease severity compared to non-vaccinated patients.