Abstract

Background and Aim: Self-care is important to control the disease in adolescents living with diabetes, so the present study aims to determine the status of hemoglobin A1C in diabetic adolescents; we rely on family and peer self-care training at the Medical Center Hospital and the Iranian Diabetes Association. Materials and Methods: In this randomized and evidence-based clinical trial, we selected 180 patients among two center; we individually divided them into 90 people in each center and assigned them in each center to three groups: education by family, education by peer, and control group through the randomized classification block method. Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire and  A1C hemoglobin checklist for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. We collected data at the beginning of the study and three months later. In the education by family group, family health and self-care education was provided to the adolescent by family, and in the education by peer group, it was done by peer; the control group received only the center's usual training. Findings: We used a One-way ANOVA test to compare the mean hemoglobin before and after the intervention between the three groups . At the Medical Center Hospital, the mean glycosylated hemoglobin in the three groups did not differ before the intervention (P = 0.32), but after the intervention, the mean difference between the three groups was strongly significant (P <0.001). In the Iranian Diabetes Association, there is no significant difference in mean hemoglobin before the intervention between the three groups of the peer, family, and control (P = 0.28); but after the intervention, the mean difference between the three groups is very significant (P <0.001). Conclusion: From this observation, we can conclude that teaching self-care behaviors by family and peers is an effective way to control diabetes in reducing complications in diabetic adolescents.